Honoring Sovereignties

Honoring Sovereignties Through Technology Within Indigenous Community Research Partnerships

In this paper, we explore the practices that help mitigate this challenge, including making visible the technology itself and technology practices embedded in dominant research processes. We consider how technologies mediate community research partnerships and question how we overlook our understanding of and creation of technologies as designers. Learn more about this research at: https://www.claspcollaborative.org/healing-tech

Citation

Morgan, C., Litts, B.K., Tehee, M. et al. Honoring sovereignties through technology within indigenous community research partnerships. J Comput High Educ 37, 695–711 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-025-09451-7

Youths’ Relationship with Culture

Youths’ relationship with culture: Tracing sixth graders’ learning through designing culturally centred multimedia projects

In this paper, we ask how youth develop relationship with culture through creating culturally centred multimedia projects. Guided by a case study approach, we collected thirty-six remixing multimedia projects from twelve sixth graders, who created these projects for three culturally centred learning activities over a school year.

Citation

Yan, L., Litts, B. K., Tehee, M., Baggaley, S., & Jenkins, J. (2025). Youths' relationship with culture: Tracing sixth graders' learning through designing culturally centred multimedia projects. British Journal of Educational Technology, 56(3), 1191-1209. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13520

Design Ethics

The Design Ethics of Culturally Sustaining & Revitalizing (Re)Presentation

In this paper, we wondered how we could create technologies (digital and non-digital) that support Indigenous ways of knowing, especially through storytelling. This is a process we call (re)presentation. Specifically, our work is centered on building culturally sustaining and revitalizing models for (re) presenting stories. Our team engaged in an iterative and reflexive design process with Indigenous and non-Indigenous community members, educators, designers, and researchers. We present a single design case of (re)presenting an Indigenous story across interactions and share four ethical tensions that we encountered throughout our process.

Citation

Litts, B. K., Tehee, M., Cardona-Rivera, R. E., & Alladin, J. K. (2024). The Design Ethics of Culturally Sustaining & Revitalizing (Re)Presentation. International Journal of Designs for Learning, 15(3), 189–199. https://doi.org/10.14434/ijdl.v15i3.37742

Konaway

Konaway Nika Tillicum Native Youth Academy: Enacting a Medicine Wheel Educational Framework

In this paper, we first share an ethnographic study including participant observations and interviews with five Konaway Nika Tillicum Native Youth Academy (KNT) staff to investigate how the educators of KNT enact the Medicine Wheel in designing educational experiences for Native youth. We then examined the effectiveness of this Medicine Wheel framework on positive development factors across two summers of the academy with youth ages 11–18 (23 boys, 38 girls) representing diverse tribal affiliations. 

Citation

Ellington, T., Tehee, M., Litts, B. K., & West, D. (2024). Konaway Nika Tillicum Native Youth Academy:Enacting a medicine wheel educational framework.. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000715

Reversing the Gaze

Reversing the Gaze: Developing Indigenous and Western Media Frames to Compare Coverage of Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the News Media

In this paper, developed a Holistic Media Coding Protocol informed by Indigenous and Western perspectives to guide our content analysis of media coverage of climate change, environmental issues, and Indigenous peoples. We examined news articles from two Indigenous news publications, Indian Country Today and Navajo Times, and two Western news publications, The New York Times and The Salt Lake Tribune. Our findings indicate that creating and utilizing a theory-informed Holistic Media Coding Protocol challenges the recurrent Western gaze on Indigenous peoples.

Citation

McCrackin, G., Givens, J. E., Wilkes, E. C., Litts, B. K., & Martinez‐Cola, M. (2024). Reversing the Gaze: Developing Indigenous and Western Media Frames to Compare Coverage of Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the News Media. Rural Sociology, 89, 732-757. https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12521

Learning with the Land

Learning with the Land: How sixth graders restory interactions with the land through field experiences

In this paper, we explored how land-based pedagogy can contribute to a transformative learning experience for sixth graders through disrupting the dominant ways of knowing and relating to the land. Specifically, our work is guided by the research question: how do learners express relationship with the land in the restorying of their river trip experience? We share data from thirty-nine sixth-grader participants who completed a restorying project about their cross-cultural river trip and reflected on these experiences through interviews.

Citation

Yan, L., Isaacs, D. S., Litts, B. K., Tehee, M., Baggaley, S., & Jenkins, J. (2023). Learning with the land: How sixth graders restory interactions with the land through field experiences. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 42, 100754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2023.100754

Computing for all?

Computing for all?: Examining critical biases in computational tools for learning

In this paper, we take a critical perspective towards novice programming environments to elucidate how the underlying structure privileges particular epistemologies and cultures. We examine how the cultural practice of storytelling is supported and/or inhibited within novice programming tools.

Citation

Litts, B. K., Searle, K. A., Brayboy, B. M., & Kafai, Y. B. (2021). Computing for all?: Examining critical biases in computational tools for learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 52(2), 842-857. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13059

Design Scaffolds

Examining the materiality and spatiality of design scaffolds in computational making

In this paper, we draw on multiple iterations of design and implementation work with wearable and locative technologies to investigate the affordances and challenges of design scaffolds in youths’ computational making design processes. We present examples from learning with electronic textiles and locative game design to illustrate the unique problem spaces of materiality and spatiality specific to computational making.

Citation

Litts, B. K., Searle, K. A., Kafai, Y. B., & Lewis, W. E. (2021). Examining the materiality and spatiality of design scaffolds in computational making. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 30, 100295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2021.100295

Culturally Disruptive Research

Culturally disruptive research: A critical (re) engagement with research processes and teaching practices

In this paper, we share a critical examination of adopting a culturally disruptive approach in a research–practice partnership (RPP) that includes Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers, designers and educators who worked together to collaboratively design culturally situated experiences for sixth graders.

Citation

Litts, B.K., Tehee, M., Jenkins, J., Baggaley, S., Isaacs, D., Hamilton, M.M. and Yan, L. (2020), "Culturally disruptive research: a critical (re)engagement with research processes and teaching practices", Information and Learning Sciences, Vol. 121 No. 9/10, pp. 769-784. https://doi.org/10.1108/ILS-02-2020-0019

Pair Physical Computing

Computing for all?: Examining critical biases in computational tools for learning

In this paper, we focus on how pairs self-organized their multi-domain tasks in physical computing, and how their social interactions supported or inhibited productive collaboration.

Citation

Lui, D., Kafai, Y., Litts, B., Walker, J., & Widman, S. (2020). Pair physical computing: high school students’ practices and perceptions of collaborative coding and crafting with electronic textiles. Computer Science Education, 30(1), 72-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2019.1682378

Cultivating Staff Culture Online

Cultivating staff culture online: How Edith Bowen Laboratory School responded to COVID-19

In this paper, we share the story of how the Edith Bowen Laboratory School (EBLS), a K-6 public charter school on campus at Utah State University, shifted to remote teaching and learning. Our goal is to contribute new understandings regarding the delivery of elementary education online.

Citation

Justis, N., Litts, B.K., Reina, L. and Rhodes, S. (2020), "Cultivating staff culture online: How Edith Bowen Laboratory School responded to COVID-19", Information and Learning Sciences, Vol. 121 No. 5/6, pp. 453-460. DOI: 10.1108/ILS-04-2020-0136

Engaging Youth in Computational Thinking Practices

Engaging youth in computational thinking practices through designing place-based mobile games about local issues

In response to a need to equip youth to become successful contributors to our growing digital economy, educators and researchers are exploring ways to incorporate computational thinking (CT) for all across curricular domains. In this paper, we take a place-based approach to examine how and what CT practices youth learn through designing mobile games in and for their own communities.

Citation

Litts, B. K., Lewis, W. E., & Mortensen, C. K. (2020). Engaging youth in computational thinking practices through designing place-based mobile games about local issues. Interactive Learning Environments, 28(3), 302-315. DOI: 10.1080/10494820.2019.1674883

Mobile Augmented Reality

Mobile Augmented Reality: Exploring a new genre of learning

The proliferation of smartphones provides easy access to experience augmented reality (AR), which has fundamentally shifted the conversation around educational technology both in and out of classrooms. As mobile technologies reach ubiquity, educators have become exceptionally concerned with designing tools and activities that equip young people to engage with these technologies as producers not just consumers. In this column, our goal is to present one approach by which we can empower all young people to produce with mobile augmented reality technologies.

Citation

Litts, B. K. & Lewis, W. E. (2019). Mobile Augmented Reality: Exploring a new genre of learning. GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications. 22. 5-9. 10.1145/3308755.3308757. DOI: 10.1145/3308755.3308757

Stitching Codeable Circuits

Stitching Codeable Circuits: High School Students’ Learning About Circuitry and Coding with Electronic Textiles

Learning about circuitry by connecting a battery, light bulb, and wires is a common activity in many science classrooms. In this paper, we expand students’ learning about circuitry with electronic textiles, which use conductive thread instead of wires and sewable LEDs instead of lightbulbs, by integrating programming sensor inputs and light outputs and examining how the two domains interact.

Citation

Litts, B. K., Kafai, Y. B., Lui, D. A., Walker, J. T., & Widman, S. A. (2017). Stitching codeable circuits: High school students’ learning about circuitry and coding with electronic textiles. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 26(5), 494-507. DOI: 10.1007/s10956-017-9694-0

Maker Studio Model

A Maker Studio Model for High School Classrooms: The Nature and Role of Critique in an Electronic Textiles Design Project

This article reports on a case study featuring a class of 23 high school students in a STEM class partnered with art students to develop an interactive installation. The authors used the characteristics of studio models from arts, architecture, and engineering education and integrated maker activities. Students designed a computational artifact and participated in activities such as feedback, critique, and reflection.

Citation

Litts, B. K., Widman, S. A., Lui, D. A., Walker, J. T., & Kafai, Y. B. (2019). A Maker Studio Model for High School Classrooms: The Nature and Role of Critique in an Electronic Textiles Design Project. Teachers College Record, 121(9), 1-34. https://www.tcrecord.org/Content.asp?ContentId=22784

Debugging Open-Ended Designs

Debugging Open-Ended Designs: High School Students’ Perceptions of Failure and Success in an Electronic Textiles Design Activity

Learning about circuitry by connecting a battery, light bulb, and wires is a common activity in many science classrooms. In this paper, we expand students’ learning about circuitry with electronic textiles, which use conductive thread instead of wires and sewable LEDs instead of lightbulbs, by integrating programming sensor inputs and light outputs and examining how the two domains interact.

Citation

Searle, K. A., Litts, B. K., & Kafai, Y. B. (2018). Debugging open-ended designs: High school students’ perceptions of failure and success in an electronic textiles design activity. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 30, 125-134. DOI: 10.1016/j.tsc.2018.03.004

Cultural repertoires: Indigenous youth creating with place and story

Searle, K.A., Casort, T., Litts, B.K., Brayboy, B.M.J., Dance, S.L., & Kafai, Y.B. (2018, June). Cultural repertoires: Indigenous youth creating with place and story. International Conference of the Learning Sciences (pp. 697-704). London, U.K. Best Paper Award Nominee.

Forms of emergent collaboration in maker-based learning

Halverson, E.R., Litts, B.K., & Gravel, B. (2018, June). Forms of emergent collaboration in maker-based learning. International Conference of the Learning Sciences (pp.921-924). London, U.K

Connecting Space and Narrative in Culturally Responsive Making in ARIS with Indigenous Youth

Searle, K.A., Casort, T., Litts, B.K., & Benson, S. (2017). Connecting Space and Narrative in Culturally Responsive Making in ARIS with Indigenous Youth. In Proceedings of 2017 FabLearn Conference on Creativity and Fabrication in Education (pp.1-4). Stanford, CA: Association of Computing Machinery.

Reflections on Pair E-Crafting: High School Students Approaches to Collaboration in Electronic Textiles Projects

Litts, B.K., Lui, D.A., Widman, S.A., Walker, J.T., & Kafai, Y.B. (2017). Reflections on Pair E-Crafting: High School Students Approaches to Collaboration in Electronic Textiles Projects. In B. Smith, M., Borge, E. Mercier, & K. Yon Lim (Eds), Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, Volume 2, (pp. 569-572). Philadelphia, PA: International Society of the Learning Sciences.